Proportional implies relative: A typological universal

Liberal political equality implies proportional representation

This article shows that for a single-vote electoral system for a representative body to treat all voters and all parties equally, it must produce results essentially identical to list proportional representation (PR). Democratic theory has often been agnostic concerning representative institutions. Different institutions have been compared in terms of behavioral outcomes rather than axiomatic p...

Minimizing Syntactic Dependency Lengths: Typological/Cognitive Universal?

Syntactic dependencies are head/modifier relations between words in a sentence that organize sentences into a syntactic tree structure. The general principle that languages have a preference to group syntactically related words close together can be made precise as a preference for shorter dependencies. We examine evidence for this principle in the development of languages’ grammars as well as ...

The Universal Kolyvagin Recursion Implies the Kolyvagin Recursion

Let Uz be the universal norm distribution and M a fixed power of prime p, by using the double complex method employed by Anderson, we study the universal Kolyvagin recursion occurred in the canonical basis in the cohomology group H(Gz ,Uz/MUz). We furthermore show that the universal Kolyvagin recursion implies the Kolyvagin recursion in the theory of Euler systems. One certainly hopes this coul...

Mani and shapur a universal faith for e universal kingdom

Morphological Complexity: a typological perspective